Everything about Resistance Movement totally explained
A
resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an
invader in an
occupied country or the government of a sovereign nation through either the use of physical force, or
nonviolence. The term
resistance has political overtones, as people have used it, along with similar terms, to bring support to opposition groups.
Organizations and individuals critical of foreign intervention and supporting forms of organized movement (particularly where citizens are affected) tend to favor the term. When such a resistance movement uses violence, those favorably disposed to it may also speak of
freedom fighters. Both phrases --
resistance movement and
freedom fighters -- can become contentious terms for what other observers might describe as
terrorists, though this is controversial as
terrorists are often criticized and seen as morally wrong, whereas many see Resistance Movements as legitimate. The popular saying "One person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter" encapsulates this dichotomy, without clarifying the distinction that freedom fighters must, by definition, be fighting for freedom. Terrorists, as a modern appellation, are not seen as fighting for freedom, whereas Resistance Movements are. Thus, Resistance Movements may employ terror tactics, but not all who use terror tactics are called a Resistance movement.
Background
Resistance movements can include any
irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority,
government, or
administration. This frequently includes groups that consider themselves to be resisting
tyranny. Some resistance movements are
underground organizations engaged in a struggle for national
liberation in a country under
military occupation or
totalitarian domination.
Tactics of resistance movements against a constituted
authority range from
nonviolent resistance and
civil disobedience, to industrial
sabotage and
guerrilla warfare, or even conventional warfare if the resistance movement is strong enough. Any government facing violent acts from a resistance movement usually condemns such acts as
terrorism, even when such attacks target only the military or security forces.
Resistance during World War II was dedicated to fighting the
Axis invaders. Germany itself also had an anti-Nazi German resistance movement in this period. Although mainland
Britain didn't suffer invasion in World War II, the British made preparations for a British resistance movement in the event of a German invasion.
US government definition
According to Joint Publication 1-02, The United States Department of Defense defines a resistance movement as: An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability.
In strict military terminology, a
resistance movement is simply that; it seeks to resist (change) the policies of a government or occupying power. This may be accomplished though violent or non-violent means. A resistance movement is specifically limited to changing the nature of current power, not to overthrow it. The correct military term for removing or overthrowing a government is an insurgency.
Examples of resistance movements
post-World War II
World War II
» See also Resistance during World War II
Albanian resistance movement
Austrian resistance movement (O5)
Belgian resistance movement
Bulgarian resistance movement
Burmese resistance movement
Czech Resistance movement
Chinese resistance movements
Danish resistance movement
Dutch resistance movement
Estonian resistance movement
French resistance movement in World War II, including the
German resistance movements
Greek resistance movement
Italian resistance movement
Jewish resistance movement, including Jewish partisans and Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
Latvian resistance movement
Lithuanian resistance during World War II
Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian ("Forest brothers") resistance movements during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic countries (continued after the end of WWII).
Norwegian resistance movement
Philippine resistance movement -- the anti-Japanese phase of the Huk movement
Polish Secret State and resistance organizations:
Slovak resistance movement
Soviet resistance movement of Soviet partisans and underground which had Moscow-organized and spontaneously formed cells opposing German occupation.
Thai resistance movement
Ukrainian Insurgent Army - fought the Poles, the Germans and the Soviets.
Yugoslav resistance movements:
Planned resistance movements:
The Auxiliary Units, organized by Colonel Colin Gubbins as a potential British resistance movement against a possible invasion of the British Isles by Nazi forces, note that it was the only resistance movement established prior to invasion, albeit the invasion never came.
Pre-World War II
Irish Republican Army
The Rising of East Karelians (1921-1922)
Lwów Eaglets
Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1939)
Filipino guerilla units after official end of Philippine-American War (1902-1913)
Pancho Villa led a resistance movement/rebellion in Mexico in the early 20th century, as did the Zapata brothers.
Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1922)
Pre-20th century
Carbonari - 19th century Italian movement resisting Austrian or Bourbon rule.
Sons of Liberty - Revolutionary patriot group that embraced Republicanism in the United States during the 1760s and 1770's and routinely engaged in acts of violent resistance against British government officials and prominent loyalist sympathizers. The Boston branch of the Sons of Liberty met under the Liberty Tree, from which they'd post messages or hang and burn effigies of their enemies.
The Underground Railroad - The pre American Civil War slave escape network consisting of volunteers who were dedicated to secretly helping escaping slave reach free states or Canada.
Notable individuals in resistance movements
World War II (anti-Nazi, anti-Fascist)
Mordechaj Anielewicz
Josip Broz - Tito
Edmund Charaszkiewicz
Mildred Harnack
Jan Karski
Henryk Iwański
Draža Mihailović
Jean Moulin
Christian Pineau
Hannie Schaft
Claus von Stauffenberg
Aris Velouchiotis
Other resistance movements
Michel Bakunin
Buenaventura Durruti
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Geronimo
Robin Hood
William Wallace
Lembitu
Louis Joseph Papineau
Nelson Mandela
Nestor Makhno
Maria Nikiforova
Michael Collins
Osceola
Red Cloud
Joan of Arc
Juba
Palestine Liberation Organization
Port Militarization Resistance
Rummu Jüri
Theobald Wolfe Tone
Laura Secord
Wilhelm Tell
William Lyon Mackenzie
Aivar Voitka
Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
Ülo Voitka
Pancho Villa
ZapataFurther Information
Get more info on 'Resistance Movement'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://resistance_movement.totallyexplained.com">Resistance movement Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
